Remove

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is the process of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it for a long period of time using geologic reservoirs, natural ecosystems, and commercial goods and services. Prominent CDR solutions include soil carbon sequestration in agriculture, forest carbon management practices, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, coastal blue carbon, and direct air capture. Recent reports, including those from the World Resources Institute, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and others have shown that CDR will likely be necessary to avoid the worst effects of climate change.[1],[2]

To ensure these solutions can fulfill their potential will require addressing key knowledge gaps, supporting commercialization, providing funding capital, updating regulations, and developing appropriate policy frameworks. Clicking on the boxes below takes the user to summaries of the major policy options. Each includes a brief description, design considerations, U.S. experience, additional resources, and related policies.

Policy Mechanisms

Innovation

Innovation refers to a variety of activities that drive the development and commercialization of emerging technologies, whether through government labs, enterprising start-ups, small businesses, or the marketplace.

Incentives

Incentives provide strong financial signals that can be highly effective in changing behavior and driving growth in innovative technologies. They include grants, project cost-sharing, and tax credits or deductions.

Investments

Investments are federal outlays that can be used to deploy, or pave the way for, carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies or infrastructure. This includes some of the country’s largest procurement programs.

Standards

Standards seek a specific action or outcome, providing policymakers more certainty. Standards can take a variety of forms, including: command and control regulations that specify technologies and processes and performance-based standards that require the regulated entity to meet a specific performance goal.

Market Mechanisms

Market-based approaches such as carbon pricing and emissions trading are meant to create market signals that encourage shifts in long-term investment decisions and accelerate the deployment of technologies that can reduce emissions.

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Block Grants to State and Local Governments

Remove and Reduce and Adapt

Public-Private Partnerships

Remove and Reduce

Carbon Removal Tax Credits

Remove

Direct Payments

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Carbon Bank

Remove

Accelerated Depreciation

Remove and Reduce

Site Selection and Monitoring of Geologic Storage

Remove

Carbon Pricing

Reduce and Remove

Carbon Removal RD&D

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Clean Energy Standards

Reduce and Remove

Federal Land Management

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Federal Procurement

Remove and Reduce

Life Cycle Assessment

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Low Carbon Fuel Standards

Reduce and Remove

Monitoring for Land-Based Carbon Removal

Remove

Tax Advantaged Financing Structures

Remove and Reduce